High and Deep Andean Tunnel Tests a Contractor's Mettle
By C.J. Schexnayder

Brazilian construction giant Construtora Norberto Odebrecht S.A. has taken on a difficult construction challenge - drilling an 11.2-kilometer tunnel through a mountain more than 2,400 meters high in Central Ecuador. A pair roof collapses late last year trapped an $11.2-million tunnel boring machine requiring several months to rescue and get the project back on track.
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The primary entrance into the excavation for both the headrace tunnel and the San Francisco Hydroelectric plant. Trains run back and forth to the TBM delivering shockrete segments and carrying away excavated debris. (Photo by C.J. Schexnayder)
 
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